Explorer – High resolution Theta Theta XRD
High resolution Multipurpose Theta Theta XRD Explorer
Explorer is a multipurpose Theta/Theta high resolution diffractometer.
With no limits to its applications Explorer modular system offers high performances in all analytical areas.
- Modular and Plug & Scan design
- User can easily change the Beam geometry.
- Highest safety standards
- Reflection/transmission multi sample holders
- Johansson focusing K-alpha 1 monochromators
- Secondary graphite monochromators
- Non-ambient experiments in reflection and transmission geometry
- High, low temperature and humidity chambers, fully software integrated
- SDD detectors for EDXRF and TXRF analysis
- Goniometer control with torque motors and optical encoders
- Radiation enclosure with high accessibility to the goniometer
Explorer is a multipurpose – Theta/Theta – high resolution diffractometer. Direct drive torque motors offer top performances in analytical areas like phase analysis for determination of microstructural properties on bulk or thin film materials.
Modular design with wide range of accessories and attachments allows EXPLORER to perform measurements in wide range configurations like
- Traditional X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XPD)
- Reflectometry (XRR)
- Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD)
- High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HRXRD)
- Total X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF)
- Residual Stress and Texture X-Ray Diffraction.
The modularity and the flexibility of the GNR X-Ray Explorer
allows to start with an entry-level system which can be upgraded later to meet
new challenges. GNR could supply a wide range of X-ray sources, optics, sample
holders, detectors and configurations to satisfy all the analytical needs.
With no limits to its applications Explorer modular system offers high performances in all analytical areas ranging from phases quantification of mixtures, to the determination of microstructural properties as residual stress and preferred orientation of crystallites on bulk materials as well as on thin films.
- Double safety circuits
- Three predefined measuring circle diameters: 400, 500, 600 mm
- All components can be exchanged quickly and without extra alignment
- Brilliant X-ray sources, glass and ceramic tubes plus parabolic mirror
- Rotatable line/point focus tube shield without disconnecting cables
- Interchangeable Soller slits
- Adjustable mechanical or motorized slits
- Reflection/transmission spinner
- Capillary spinner sample holder
- Parallel beam optics using parabolic monochromators
- XRR and GID with incident and diffracted parallel beam
- HRXRD with 4-bounce channel-cut Ge monochromators
- SAXS analysis with transmission sample holder and fast multi strip 1D, 2D detectors
- Scintillation counters, silicon drift detectors (SDD), multi strip linear and area detectors (1D, 2D)
- CeleriX multi strip linear detectors in 0D-mode and tilted by 90°
- Monocapillary and polycapillary collimators for high speed and high intensity texture analysis
- Z – Rx/Ry – Phi multipurpose sample holder
- Compact Eulerian Cradle for both iso (omega) and side (psi) inclination modes
- Versatile compact XYZ stage piezo motors
| X Ray Generator | |
| Maximum Output Power | 3 kW (option: 4 kW) |
| Output Stability | < 0.01 % (for 10% power supply fluctuation) |
| Max Output Voltage | 60 kV |
| Max Output Current | 60 mA (option: 80 mA) |
| Voltage Step Width | 0.1 kV |
| Current Step Width | 0.1 mA |
| Ripple | 0.03% rms < 1kHz, 0.75% rms > 1kHz |
| Preheat and Ramp | Automatic preheat and ramp control circuit |
| Input Voltage | 220 Vac +/-10%, 50 or 60 Hz, single phase |
| Size | Width 48.3 cm, height 13.3 cm, depth 56 cm |
| X-Ray Tube | |
| Type | Glass (option: Ceramic), Cu Anode, Fine Focus (options: any kind of X-Ray tube) |
| Focus | 0.4 x 8 mm FF (other options available) |
| Max Output | 3.0 kW |
| Goniometer | |
| Configurations | Horizontal and vertical Theta/2Theta and Theta/Theta geometry |
| Measuring circle diameters | 400 – 500 – 600 mm or any intermediate settings |
| Scanning Angular Range | – 110° < 2 Theta < + 168° (according to accessories) |
| Smallest selectable stepsize | 0.0001° |
| Angular reproducibility | +/- 0.0001° |
| Modes of operation | Continuous scan, step scan, theta or 2 theta scan, fast scan, theta axis oscillation |
| Divergence slits | 4°; 2°; 1°; 1/2°; 1/4° |
| Anti-Divergence slits | 4°; 2°; 1°; 1/2°; 1/4° |
| Receiver slits | 0.3; 0.2; 0.1 mm |
| Soller slits | 2° |
| Detector | |
| Type | Scintillation counter Nal (options: YAP(Ce); multistrip) |
| Countrate | 2 x 10(6) cps |
| HV/PHA | High voltage supply 600 – 2000 V, gain, low, central and high level control |
| Case | |
| Dimensions | Width 1400 mm, heigh 1800 mm, depth 850 mm |
| Leakage X-rays | < 1 mSv/Year (full safety shielding according to the international guidelines) |
| Processing Unit | |
| Computer Type | Personal Computer, the latest version |
| Items controlled | X-ray generator, goniometer, sample holder, detector, counting chain |
| Basic Data Processing | Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis. Rietveld analysis, crystalline structural analysis, crystallite size and lattice strain, crystallinity calculation, strain, reflectometry. |
Data Collection Programs
GNR offers a large variety of acquisition programs for standard as well as for customized hardware configurations. List includes programs for powder and high-resolution diffractometers, retained austenite, data acquisition of stress (plane and triaxial) and thin films (XRD and GIXRD).
SAX
- Single peak analysis.
- peak treatment.
- Background subtraction, smoothing, deconvolution and peak localisation.
- Structural Analysis
- Crystallite Size
- Lattice Strain
- Reflectometry
- Quantitative Analysis.
Search and Match: MATCH!
- Rietveld refinement
- Display and compare multiple diffraction partners
- Directly view specific phases/entries
- Instant usage of additional information
- Saving of selection criteria
- Comfortable definition of background
- Improved zooming facilities
- Batch processing and Automatics.
- Routine Cystalline phase identification and quantification
- Crystallite size – lattice strain and crystallinity calculation
- Polymorph screening and crystal structure analysis
- Residual Stress and Retained Austenite Quantification
- Thin Films, Depth Profiling and non-ambient analysis
- Phase Transition monitoring, texture and preferred orientations
The optics permit switches between Bragg-Brentano, focusing and parallel beam geometry using Johansson or parabolic mirror monochromators.
The high resolution reflectometry studies can be performed with EXPLORER to characterize layer thickness (from 1 to 500 nm with an accuracy better than 1%), density (with an accuracy better than ± 0.03 g/cm3), surface and interface roughness (from 0 to 5 nm with an accuracy better than ± 0.1 nm).
Measurements at low angles and a thin film attachment for parallel beam geometry allow the study of thin films and multilayers.
The coupling between a parabolic mirror monochromator and a channel-cut crystal mounted on the incident beam allows to realize a monochromatic parallel beam with high intensity and low divergence, suitable for high resolution measurements.
